Which description best captures Six Sigma?

• A. Improve quality by reducing defects and process variation
• B. Eliminate all inventory
• C. Rely on anecdotal evidence to guide changes
• D. Centralize decision making in management

Answer: (D)

Six Sigma is a quality improvement approach that focuses on reducing defects and variability in processes through data-driven analysis and a structured project method. By measuring performance, analyzing root causes, and implementing targeted improvements, teams aim to move process output toward a near-perfect level and keep variability (which leads to defects) under control. This makes the description that emphasizes improving quality by reducing defects and process variation the best match, because it captures both the goal (higher quality) and the means (lower defect rates and less variation) that define Six Sigma.

The other options don’t fit as well. Eliminating all inventory isn’t the central aim of Six Sigma; that’s more aligned with lean concepts focused on waste and flow. Relying on anecdotal evidence conflicts with Six Sigma’s emphasis on data, measurement, and statistical analysis to guide decisions. Centralizing decision making in management runs contrary to Six Sigma practice, which relies on cross-functional teams and process owners empowered to use data to drive improvements rather than top-down decisions alone.