Donabedian’s Model comprises which components?

• A. Structures, Processes, and Outcomes
• B. Inputs, Activities, and Results
• C. Resources, Practices, and Effects
• D. Facilities, Procedures, and Quality

Answer: (A)

Donabedian's model evaluates healthcare quality across three domains: structure, process, and outcomes. Structure includes the settings and resources where care happens—facilities, equipment, personnel, and organizational systems. Process covers what is actually done in delivering care—clinical actions, decisions, and interactions between providers and patients. Outcomes are the effects of care on health status, function, safety, and patient satisfaction. The central idea is that good structures support good processes, which in turn lead to better outcomes. For example, adequate staffing and proper equipment (structure) enable guideline-concordant care and effective communication (process), resulting in lower infection rates and higher patient satisfaction (outcomes). The other options use terms that don’t align with this established trio.